西欧“福利国家”之得失

The Success and Failure of "Welfare State" in Western Europe

'福利国家'是标榜'全民福利'以掩盖国家垄断资本主义本质的一种理论,渊源于德国瓦格纳与英国'费边社会主义',主要代表为英国工党和一些凯恩斯主义者。他们认为国家应采行适当的赋税政策,以重新分配国民收入,实施所谓社会福利政策,以提高人民生活,并采取刺激投资和消费的'反危机'措施,以保证充分就业和经济繁荣。这样就能永远消灭贫困和阶级,实现'全民福利国家'。从资产阶级经济学角度解释,

The welfare system in West European countries has become a set form by which the state exercises redistribution among its nationals. It exerts great influence on various respects such as politics and social affairs in these countries. Faced with various predicaments since the economic crisis starting from 1970s. these welfare states have one after another adopted a series of reform measures. Apart from only succeeding in some small reforms, none of them could make any radical changes due to the fact that too many respects would be involved. There is a great deal for us to learn from these welfare states with regard to their experiences and lessons in carrying out welfare system.