双杠向后大回环转体360°成倒立动作的生物力学分析及教法

A Biomechanical Analysis of the Giant Circle with Full Twist on the Parallel Bars and Methods of Training

双杠大回环系列动作已成为世界各国名将争夺双杠金牌的有力武器。本文对中国体操新秀李敬的双杠向后大回环转体360°成倒立动作进行了生物力学定量分析。李敬曾以该动作为主体的精湛技艺获全国第一届青运会预赛双杠冠军和第七届世界中学生体操比赛双杠冠军。本研究阐述了动作的基本运动学参数,可为教练进行技术诊断时提供参考。找到了手换握的最佳技术,发现正确摆臂所产生的科里奥利惯性力对加速度复合转体起着重要作用。通过两年多的训练实践,采用电脑录象系统进行现场快速反馈并根据生物力学、系统论等原理探索出该动作的一套成功的教法。

In recent years, many world-class gymnasts have won gold medals with their serial movements based on the giant circle on the parallel bars. The purpose of this study was to make a biomechanical analysis of the giant circle with full twist on the parallel bars and to find ways of improving this movement by using fast feedbacks with a video system. The subject under study was Li Jing, PB champion at the Seventh World Middle School Gymnastics Tournament and winner of PB event in the preliminaries of the National Junior Games in 1986. The kinematic parameters for the giant circle described in this paper may prove helpful to coaches in making technical diagnoses. The optimal way of changing grips on the bars was found, and the optimal arm swing pattern, which can accelerate the body twist during single-arm support through the action of the Coriolis force, was determined. A set of successful training methods was devised in the light of biomechanics and the systems theory.