中印茶业发展对比研究

A Comparative Study of Tea Industries in China and India

中国与印度都是世界产茶大国,分别以产绿茶和红茶著称。两国茶叶产量占世界总产量的一半,出口量占世界出口量的40％。两国茶业发展又具有不同的经历,形成各自的特点。中国是古老的产茶国家,是“茶叶的故乡”。19世纪以前,中国是世界最大的茶叶生产国和出口国。印度茶叶是从中国引种而成,其种植历史不过两百年左右,但发展迅速。20世纪初印度茶叶生产水平超过中国以后,便一直保持至今。为什么印度茶业发展能久盛不衰,始终保持优势?我国虽然植茶历史悠久,茶园面积又大大超过印度,但生产水平和出口量却相去尚远。因此,对中印两国茶业加以比较研究,并对茶业的发展前景作出预测,有助于我们掌握未来世界茶叶产销形势,确立我国茶业的战略地位和发展方向。

This is a continuation of the author's presentation in the preceding issueof this journal. In the present paper the author expresses his strong belief,which is based on his analytical study, that although China lags behind Indiain tea production, consumption and export, there is much prospect of China'stea industry being able to come out again at the top of the world, sometimein the future, say, by the year 2000. He also makes a number of sugges-tions for the promotion and modernization of tea industry in the country.