论运动技能学习中的反馈信息提取

Drawing Feedback Information in Motor Learning

国外对运动学习中的反馈问题做了很多研究,取得了一批有价值的成果,值得借鉴和推广。但是要把这些成果用在中、高难度动作学习上,必须解决信息提取问题,鉴于国外研究没有涉及到这个问题。本文首次从正面提出“反馈信息提取”的概念,并从三个方面论述了提取问题。三个方面是:1.从运动学习中的不确知性看反馈信息的价值.2.反馈信息的分类和特点,3.提取,自然观察法是最方便适用最经济的提取方法,使用这种方法要经过深入细微的观察,记录数据和积累资料,多因素横向分析和技术系统的纵向分析,对资料的分类排队和做出决策五个步骤。在实施反馈前按上述三个方面的要求去做,就会提取到有价值的信息。

Much has been done in other countries in studying the feedbacks of motor learning, and some valuable results have been achieved. However, in order to utilize these results in the learning of motor skills with a medium or high degree of difficulty, it is necessary to draw information from the feedbacks——a problem that has yet to be dealt with in researches abroad. In this paper, the new concept of 'drawing feedback information' is advanced and discussed in the following three respects: 1) The value of feedback information as seen from the uncertainty of motor learning; 2) the classification and characteristics of feedback information; 3) the drawing of information: the simplest and most economical method is natural observation, which consists of five steps——meticulous observation, collection of data vertical analysis of technical system and horizontal multiple-factor analysis, classifying and arranging the different items of information in the order of time,and making decisions.