短跑下地动作的生物力学分析

A Biomechanical Analysis of Touchdown Technique in Sprinting

本文旨在定量地分析短跑下地动作。3名高水平的短跑运动员为本研究的实验对象。用一部高速摄影机以每秒150格拍摄运动途中跑的动作。以GP-2000型影片分析仪分析所拍摄的影片,所测量的数据包括靠近摄影机一侧运动员腿的髋、膝、踝关节及趾的坐标,原始数据用二阶低过滤波法进行平滑。以相对速度对结果进行分析。结果认为:①短跑有效下地动作的关键是在着地前瞬间迅速降低着地脚的速度;②在摆动后期积极下压大腿及快速后屈小腿,对降低着地脚速度都有贡献。其中以后屈小腿的贡献最为显著。

The purpose of this study was to make a quantitative analysis of the touchdown technique in sprinting. A high-speed Camera (150 fps) was used to film three elite sprinters running at maximum speed, and the film was studied with a GP-2000 Motion Analyser. The measurements covered a complete running cycle of the leg near the camera side. Digital coordinates of the hip, knee, ankle joint centres and toe-ball were smoothed with a Second-Order Butterworth Digital Filter and the resulting data were displayed as relative velocities. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. The key to achieving an effective touchdown in sprinting lies in a rapid curb of the velocity of the landing foot just before the touchdown. 2. Both hip extension and knee flexion contribute to reducing the velocity of the landing foot. Knee flexion, however, plays the major role.