罗山天湖商周墓地

THE SHANG-ZHOU CEMETERY AT TIANHU, MANGZHANG TOWNSHIP, LUOSHAN COUNTY, HENAN PROVINCE

1979年4月中旬,河南罗山蟒张乡天湖村在修建灌渠的水利工程中,发现商代晚期青铜器五件。我们闻讯后,立即赶到现场。经调查,是一处商代晚期墓地。(图一)为了配合水利建设,经当时的省文化局文物处批准,我们于1979年8月27日至9月23日进行了第一次抢救性发掘,清理和发掘了渠首南边的六座商代墓。其中一号墓和六号墓保存完整,我们进行了重点发掘。其余四座墓已遭严重破坏,只收集到部分铜器。1980年7月29日至11月28日。

A cemetry of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties was discovered at Tianhu, Mangzhang Township, Luoshan County, Henan Province in the construction of irrigation works during 1979—1980. It stretches on the west bank of the Zhugang River for about 100 m from north to south with a width of 60 m. Here, 22 tombs of the late Shang Dynasty were discovered, with 219 bronze, 75 jade, 31 pottery and 10 lacquered wooden objects unearthed. These finds are up to the present the most well-preserved and important of the Yin Ruins culture remains apart from the Yin Ruins themselves. Among the bronzes, 26 bear the clan emblem of word 'xi', showing that the occupants of the tombs were slave owners of the Xi clan of the late Shang Dynasty. Temporally the cemetery covers a space of over 200 years from the second period to the fourth period of the Yin Ruins culture, corresponding to the time from the reign of King Wu Ding right down to the fall of King Di Xin over 3000 years ago. There are also a large number of bronze weapons, among which the bronze yue-axes used as symbols of military authority are similar to those with inscription ya qi unearthed from the tomb of Fu Hao, one of the consorts of King Wu Ding. This proves that the owners of the earlier tombs in this cemtery were concerned in expeditionary wars launched by King Wu Ding against the Chu State.There are 20 Zhou Dynasty tombs stratigraphically above the 22 Shang Dynasty tombs.Except a few bronze weapons, the greatest majority of the funerary objects in these tombs are pottery vessels of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period and may be considered as typical articles of the Chu culture. The tombs of the two strata are widely divergent in burial position, coffin and tomb furniture, showing that they belong to two categories different from each other culturally, ethnically and chronologically. They are thus most important to the study of the mutual relations between the Shang culture in the Central Plains and the Chu culture in South China.