吉林集安五盔坟四号墓

REPORT ON THE EXCAVATION OF TOMB No.4 AT WUKUIFEN IN JI’ AN

集安洞沟盆地,北负禹山,南濒鸭绿江,东倚龙山(又名土口岭),西临洞沟河,洞沟河以西是七星山。是三面环山一面临水的东西窄长的盆地。就在此盆地的北半部,布满着高句丽时代的石坟和土墓。五盔坟就处于洞沟盆地的中部,今集安车站的北侧。这是五座高大的封土石室墓,排列有序,形如盔胄,当地群众称之为五盔坟(图一)。现将其自西向东编为一至五号,四号墓即以前所谓"通沟未编号墓"。东距五号墓(以前称通沟十七号墓)44米,西距三号墓11米。北面是四神墓,间距30米。西北去47米,有一方坛积石墓。

The tomb reported is an important one among the tombs at Donggou in Ji'an which are provided with stone chamber containing murals and earth mound atop. The stone tomb chamber is built of well-cut and polished slabs of granite with an exqui- site caisson ceiling composed of round-corner stones.The murals are painted just the same way as at the Sishen tomb and Tomb No.5 at Wukuifen.The multicolored murals are painted dire- ctly on the polished stone walls of the tomb chamber.The main subject of the murals is super- natural beings.'Four spirits'are painted on the four walls:the green dragon on the east wall; white tiger on the west wall;scarlet bird on the south wall;and the sombre turtle on the north wall.The background is filled with repeated patterns of lotus flowers and lotus seedpots with flame.In the four corners of the tomb chamber are painted grotesque animals holding dragons upon which the beams are supported.On the sides of the beam stones are painted patterns of interlocking dragons.On the sides of the rounded-corner stones of the first layer are painted the portraits of the legendary figures of Fu Xi,Nu Wa,Sui Ren and Shen Nong as well as back- looking dragons with arched bodies.On the sides of the second layer of the rounded-corner stones are painted various fairy musicians.The bottom sides of the capstones and the rounded- cornered stones are painted with patterns of coiled dragons. The earth mound above this tomb is so large and tall that it looks like a small hill,and the structure of its tomb chamber is very fine and exquisite.Judging from the structure of its tomb chamber,the content of the murals and the style of the painting,this fresco-walled tomb was built after the sixth century and must be one of the mausoleums of the upper ruling class of Kokuryo.