湖北王家岗新石器时代遗址

THE NEOLITHIC SITE AT WANGJIAGANG IN HUBEI

王家岗位于湖北省公安县南闸公社复兴大队林场,地处江汉平原的南部边缘,这是一片高出周围地面约2米的岗地,新石器时代遗址就在这片岗地上。遗址南距湖北和湖南两省交界的黄山头镇约10公里,与湖南礼县梦溪三元宫遗址相隔约30公里。虎渡河从遗址的西边约2公里处南流入洞庭湖,南北闸灌溉总渠从遗址的北部通过。遗址的周围原是浅湖沼泽,总渠修成后,导水入江,遂形成一片农田(图一)。

The Wangjiagang neolithic site lies in a forest center at Gong'an County in Hubei Provi- nce,within the southern limit of the Jiang-Han Plains and about 10 kilometers from Huang- shantou town.The site is found on a mound about 2 meters above the surrounding area,cove- ring an area of over 60,000 square meters.It was excavated three times form 1978 to 1980 by the Museum of Jingzhou Prefecture,and an area of 633 square meters were dug up. The cultural remains can be divided into three phases,of which the first two belong to the Dawenkou Culture,and the third one belongs to the Qujialing Culture. In phase Ⅰ,of the pottery,the red ware is the greatest in number,amounting to over 89.9% of the total,with black and white pottery making up for the rest.There is a lack ot variety in shape,and what is common includes pot,bowl and dou-vessel.This phase correspo- nds to Phase Ⅱ of the Daxi Culture of Guanmiaoshan at Zhijiang County in Zhejiang Provin- ce. The remains of Phase Ⅱ are 74 tombs of the late Daxi Culture.The funerary objects une- arthed from these tombs consist of 44 stone implements and 616 pottery vessels.The tombs show no intrusion from one another.Of the 74 tombs,however,34 can be divided into two groups,the first group of 10 tombs and the second group of 24 tombs.The date of the first group corresponds roughly to or is a little later than Phase Ⅳ of the Daxi Culture at Guanmiao- shan.The funerary pottery objects of the second group tombs are distinguished from and con- nected with those of the first one in color,texture,decoration and form.They must have de- veloped directly from those of the first group.The two groups are not far separated in date. As to the remains of Phase Ⅲ,only two ash-pits of the late Qujialing Culture were dug up,and its cultural layer was interrupted by the intrusion of the cultural layer of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.The shapes of the typical pottery include double-bellied bowl,high-necked jar and pot-like vessels,with their characteristics basically similar to those of the late Qujialing Cul- ture.