山西夏县东下冯龙山文化遗址

A SITE OF THE LONGSHAN CULTURE AT DONGXIAFENG IN XIAXIAN,SHANXI PROVINCE

东下冯遗址,位于夏县城北约17公里的东下冯村。此地东倚中条山,北枕鸣条冈,在山麓下的平原地带。东下冯龙山文化遗址,属于东下冯遗址的西区,在村北青龙河南岸的台地上。沿河两岸尚有西阴村、崔家河和埝掌等遗址,包括着仰韶、龙山、夏、商、周各个时代的文化遗存。这一带地势平坦,土地肥沃,有着良好的地理环境(图一;图版玖,1)。

The Dongxiafeng site is located on a terrace of the Qinglong River north of Dongxia-feng Village,about 17km.north of the county seat of Xiaxian,Shanxi Province.Excava-tion of the site began in 1975 in support of the exploration of the Xia Culture and lasted fortwo and a half years.Over 1000 sq.m.of the site were excavated.The Longshan Culture at Dongxiafeng may be tentatively divided into two periods:theearly and the late.The early remains contain more elements of the late Yangshao cul-ture and their date may correspond roughly with that of the Miaodigou Ⅱ Culture or some-what earlier.Some of the principal vessels of the late period such as the li-tripod,jia-tripodand double-belly basin resemble their counterparts of the Longshan Culture at Sanliqiao,and therefore culturally they fall probably into the category of the Longshan Culture ofHenan Province.The discovery of the stratigraphical relationship of the remains of the Dongxiafeng typeand the Longshan Culture establishes the sequence of the two in archaeology.Discovered at the site are the foundations of 12 houses,two of which are of the earlyperiod mentioned above and they are either round or rectangular in form,but both aresubterranean.One of these two foundations appears something like the Chinese character'吕'.The remaining ten foundations are of the late period and have altogether fourforms:in the form of the Chinese character '凸',the square,square with rounded corn-ers,and the shape of earthen cave.Some of these were built above the ground andothers are subterranean.The floors of nine of the ten were surfaced with lime.They areall single-roomed.On the lime-surfaced floor of Foundation F251 are arranged four stonepost bases,roughly symmetrical,which are the the earliest stone bases of its kind installedabove ground discovered so far in China.Some fragments of proto-celadon were found at the site for the first time in Shan-xi Province.Outwardly,these potsherds exhibit the characteristics of the proto-celadonof the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Lime used as a construction material was discovered forthe first time in Longshan remains in Shanxi Province.C-14 determination showed thatthe lime used in floor-surfacing of these foundations was man-made.This proves that man-made lime may be dated back at the least in China to the Longshan period,for it was al-ready widely used in architecture in that remote period.C-14 determination showes that the date of the lime floor surface of the late periodof Longshan Culture is 4030±125 B.P.or 2080 B.C.