兰州土谷台半山—马厂文化墓地

TUGUTAI CEMETERY OF"BANSHAN-MACHANG"CULTURE IN THE SUBURBS OF LANZHOU

红古区位于兰州市西部,属兰州市管辖的六区三县之一,墓地东距市中心区72公里。全区四境,北靠永登县,东连西固区,西南与永靖县和青海省的民和县毗邻,湟水从青海经海石湾流入境内,东至达川汇入黄河,南北两岸群山环抱,形成东西狭长的湟水下游谷地,兰青铁路和甘青公路顺河谷相依穿过。全区紧临湟水北岸,其地势北高南低,沿河谷的北岸,由于雨水长期冲刷,已被切割成大小不等的许多黄土台地,其上分布着很多远古文化遗存,土谷台墓地是其中之一(图一)。

The Tugutai Cemetery in the suburbs of Lanzhou was excavated in the winter of 1977and in the summer of 1978 respectively under the direction of the Gansu ProvincialMuseum,and altogether 84 graves were dug up.The cultural relics unearthed include tools,articles for daily use and various ornaments with pottery utensils predominant.Among the tombs are 59 cave-chamber tombs,14 tombs with wooden coffins and 11 pittombs.The tomb chambers of the first type are generally round or elliptical in shape,and all those caves sealed up with slabstones have no doorway,and all those sealed up withwooden stakes have.The chambers of the tombs with wooden coffins are rectangular in form.The bodies of the dead are all found in flexed side posture.There are 3 single-burials,20 joint-burials and 1 urn-burial.The joint-burials are shared by 2,3 or 5 owners.Secondburials are sometimes shared by both single and multiburials.The tombs dug up include tombs of both the Banshan and Machang types,especiallythe tombs in which typical objects of both types were found.This shows how closely thetwo types are related to each other.This is why the remains from these tombs are called'Banshan-Machang'Culture.