铜器铭文宜、虞、矢的地望及其与吴国的关系

THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONS OF THE YI,YU AND CE STATES MENTIONED IN THE INSCRIPTION ON THE BRONZE CE GUI-VESSEL AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH STATE WU

一、问题的提出1954年江苏丹徒县烟墩山出土一批铜器,有鼎、簋、鬲、觥、盂、盉、盘、角状器等,其中宫侯矢(以下用～符号代替)簋是建国以来最重要的铜器之一。铭文初称"虞侯～",因王改侯于宜,故最后称"宜侯～扬王休,作虞公父辛尊彝"。虞字从虍从～,最初多释为"虔",唐兰先生第一次论定为"虞",订其时代为康王,并正确地指出此虞为姬姓之虞。但是。

The bronze Ce Gui-vessel unearthed in Dantu County,Jiangsu Province bears an inscrip- tion which mentions that Marquis Yu was re-feoffed at Yi and thus became Marquis Yi. Some scholars believe that the fief Yi is just modern Dantu and the surrounding country, which was historically closely related with State Wu.Others think that Ce was no other than the Wu State founded by Tai Bo.They say this state passed to Yu Zhong in the third generation to whom was bestowed Northern Yu,which subsequently became State Yu.Ma- rquis Yu Zhong's son,Marquis Ce,was made Marquis Yi which comprised modern Dantu and the surrounding areas and as a reseult State Wu was established in southern China.In ray opinion all these views are worth discussing. My opinion is that since Yi was not far from the capital of Zhou and was near State Zheng,it should be located within the territory,under the direct administration of the ca- pital,and its position was probably in what is modern Yiyang,which in later stages became a strategic point of considerable importance on the southern route between Chang'an and Luoyang.Both Marquis Ce and his father Marquis Yu were ancestors of Northern Yu,that was State Yu during the Spring and Autumn Period.with its capital in the north of Dayang. This ancient capital city was located 15 kilometers north what is modern Pinglu of Shanxi Province and its ruins can still be seen there today.The characters Ce and Yi are different in form,sound and meaning.State Ce could neither be State Wu nor State Yu,and did not belong to the family line of the surname Ji.The ruler of State Ce referred to himself as King of Ce,and marriage between the royal family and the Ji family of State Zheng and State San was allowed.The rulers of State Ce were of the family named Jiang.State Ce had its origin in what is modern Longxian county and the surrounding areas in the upper reaches of the Qianshui River of Shaanxi Province,and moved gradually in later ages ea- stward along the river until it finally arrived at and settled in what is modern Baoji and the surrounding areas in the late Western Zhou Dynasty,with State San as its neighbor state.