奶牛产后子宫组织超微结构变化的研究

Study on Ultrastructural Changes of Uterine Tissue of the Cow after Parturition

应用透射电镜观察两头奶牛产后第1、7、13、20、26、32、38、45、52、60天的子宫组织的超微结构变化,结果发现:分娩使奶牛部分子宫内膜破损,并且与其相邻的细胞也在产后1～7d内坏死脱落;未破损上皮细胞的纤毛和微绒毛也受到损坏;产后第13天时,基底细胞开始生长以修复分娩时被损坏的子宫内膜,到45d时生长基本完成,产后60d时组织修复完成,纤毛和微绒毛覆盖整个子宫内膜表面。在产后1～7d内,子宫组织内胶原片段多、胶原纤维呈溶解状、横纹不清楚、胶原束内出现空腔;从产后第26天开始胶原纤维片段较少并排列较整齐,而第32天以后胶原纤维束交错整齐排列、横纹清楚、无胶原片段。在产后1～7d内,子宫平滑肌细胞核呈扭曲状、胞质内充满肌丝,并且体积较小;从产后20d开始平滑肌细胞体积增大、胞质内线粒体和高尔基复合体等细胞器增多。产后1～32d之间,子宫组织内巨噬细胞数量增多,其胞质内溶酶体、线粒体等细胞器增多;产后13～32d之间,浆细胞数量增多,其胞质内粗面内质网池扩大、线粒体和高尔基体等细胞器增多;淋巴细胞大量浸润。产后20～45d之间,成纤维细胞数量增加,其胞质内细胞器增多;产后7～45d之间毛细血管周围的周细胞数量增加。

Transmission electron microscopic was used to study the ultrastructural changes of the cow uterine tissue in the days 1,7,13,20,26,32,38,45,52,60 postpartum. Changes of endometrium in uterine involution were observed. Many parts of the endometrium were damaged during parturition, and the adjacent cells became necrosis and exfoliation during 1～7 days after parturition. The pili and microvilli on normal cells were also damaged and markedly decreased in number. From the 13th day after calving most basal cells under the pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the uterine endometrium started to grow towards the uterine lumen to repair the damaged uterine epithelium. 45 days after calving most basal cells completed their growth. All the damaged endometrium was repaired completely 60 days postpartum and the endometrium was all covered with pilli and microvilli. During the first week postpartum lots of fractional collagen bundles were founded, the collagen fibers were in degradation and its cross striations were not clear, cavities appeared in collagen bundle. From the 26th day after calving the collagen bundles started to decrease in number and arranged tidily. Six days later no fractional collagen bundles could be seen and the cross striation of the collagen bundles appeared clearly. Within the 7 days after calving the uterine smooth muscle cells were smaller in size, the nuclei was twisted and the cell plasma was filled with myofilament. From the 20th day postpartum the size of the smooth muscle cells became increasing, the number of organelle was increasing correspondingly. In the first 32 days after calving the number of macrophage in uterus tissue increased greatly, lysosome and mitochondrion in these cells increased too. During the days from 13 to 32 plasmocyte in uterus increased in number, cisterna of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was enlarged, mitochondrion and Golgi complex increased in number. Lymphocyte infiltration was also founded at this period. During the days from 20 to 45, the number of fibroblast with more organelles increased. Peripheral cell around blood capillary increased in number during the days from 7 to 45 postpartum.