牛蒡抗虫活性及抗虫成分的初步研究

Studies on Insecticidal Activity and Chemical Components of Arctium lappa

为进一步开发牛蒡在生物抗虫农药方面的应用价值,对牛蒡提取物进行了抗卤虫活性测试,并对抗虫活性较强的组分进行GC-MS分析。将健康新鲜的牛蒡的乙醇粗提取物经水分散,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,对石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水四相提取物分别进行活性检测,结果表明它们对卤虫的半致死浓度IC50分别为0.13、0.17、1.25、0.19mg·mL-1,其中石油醚相杀虫效果最好。对石油醚相的化学成分进行分析,共检测出51种成分,鉴定了其中39个化合物并测定了其相对含量,其中主要成分为棕榈酸乙酯(27.791%)、萜类化合物(21.311%)、饱和烃类(19.637%),这三类物质相对含量之和占总提取物的68.739%。

For the further development of application value of Arctium lappain pesticide,the Arctium lappaextracts were analyzed by anti-artemia activity test,and the insecticidal components were analyzed by GC-MS.The crude extract was dispersed by water and then extracted by petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and n-butanol respectively.The insecticidal activities of four extracts were tested and the results indicated that the values of IC50of four extracts were 0.13、0.17、1.25、0.19mg·mL-1,respectively.In order to figure out the intrinsic link between the insecticidal activity and the chemical contents,GC-MS analysis of the petroleum ether fraction was carried out,and the value of IC50was relatively lower.51compositions were detected and 39of them were identified,and the relative contents were calculated simultaneously.The results showed that ethyl palmitate(27.791%),terpenoid(21.311%)and saturated hydrocarbon(19.637%)were the main contents,which amounted to 68.739%.