青海湖流域生态补偿空间选择与补偿标准研究

Study of Spatial Target and Compensation Standard of Eco-compensation in Qinghai Lake Watershed

生态补偿是环境保护对策措施中的一种创新途径.以青海湖流域为研究区域,以碳蓄积量作为主要生态系统服务目标,结合人文调查数据和自然模拟结果,分别采用福利成本法和最小数据方法对研究区生态补偿中的空间选择和补偿标准确定进行了分析.结果表明:环青海湖四个县的生态补偿效率成本比分别是海晏县0.5353、刚察县0.5398、天峻县0.5549、共和县0.4353.在生态补偿资金有限的情况下,生态补偿的优先顺序依次是天峻、刚察、海晏,最后是共和.若海晏县全部低盖度草地退牧则需付费328.5元·hm-2·a-1,可年新增碳固定量1.7×107 kg;若刚察县全部低盖度草地退牧则需付费250.5元·hm-2·a-1,可年新增碳固定量5.25×107kg;若天峻县全部低盖度草地退牧则需付费181.5元·hm-2·a-1,可年新增碳固定量18.52×107 kg;若共和县全部低盖度草地退牧则需付费478.5元·hm-2·a-1,可年新增碳固定量2.86×107kg.

Eco-compensation is an innovative way to protect environment.It transforms the outside of ecosystem services and non-market value into the inherent power of environment protecting.Taking the Qinghai Lake watershed as a case,the impact of land use change on carbon storage is modeled by natural process model Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach,while supply costs of carbon storage are estimated by social survey.Upon these work,the natural process and economical process are included in an integrated model framework by cost-benefit analysis and minimum data approach to explore the spatial targeting and compensation standard in eco-compensation program.Results of the case study show that the efficiency cost ratios of the four counties in the watershed are: 0.5353 in Haiyan County,0.5549 in Gangcha County,0.5549 in Tianjun County and 0.4353 in Gonghe County.Regarding to the efficiency cost ratios,the cost order should be: Tianjun County,Gangcha County,Haiyan County and Gonghe County.To achieve the goal of restoration of grassland,the compensation standard order should be: Haiyan County(328.5 yuan·hm-2 per year),Gangcha County(250.5 yuan·hm-2 per year),Tianjun County(181.5 yuan·hm-2 per year) and Gonghe County(478.5 yuan·hm-2 per year).According to the compensation standard,the carbon storage will increase in all counties of the watershed as follows: 1.7×107 kg per year in Haiyan County,5.25×107 kg per year in Gangcha County,18.52×107 kg per year in Tianjun County and 2.86×107kg per year in Gonghe County.