对英国中世纪城堡分布的三重解读

Three Kinds of Understanding to Distributions of England's Castles from Middle Ages

英国中世纪城堡或雄踞中古之前防御工事遗址之上,或坐落教堂与庄园之旁,或矗立乡村及市镇之中,或扼守水陆交通之要道,或驻防海岸与边境之防线。要解释城堡为什么会如此分布,有必要以历史社会学的视角,从国家宏观层面、地方中观层面和城堡周边环境的微观层面进行多层次的深入考察。

There exist various distributions of England's castles from the Middle Ages: on defense works sites of ancient times, beside the church or the manor, in the countryside or the town, on the crossing point of water and land, or on the borderline. To make clear such distributions, it is necessary to analyze them from the perspective of historical sociology, from the country as a whole, from the local environment and from the surroundings of the castles.