市场力量、转移支付与收入不平等

Market Power,Transfer Payment and Income Inequality in China

利用中国健康与营养调查数据,分析市场力量(即技能劳动供给与需求)、转移支付对中国收入不平等的影响。基于再中心化影响函数(RIF)方法,把工资变化分解为特征效应和回报效应,结果显示:不平等下降、上升的主要驱动力量为回报效应;供给及制度因素对回报下降起到了重要的推动作用;回报上升由需求因素引致;公共转移支付和私人转移支付均对收入不平等下降有积极影响,但公共转移支付缩小不平等的作用小于私人转移支付的作用。

Using data of the China Health and Nutrition Surveys( CHNS),this paper analysis the impacts of market forces( demand and supply of labor by skill) and transfer payment on income inequality.The re- centered influence function( RIF) method is applied to decompose changes in w ages into characteristics and returns. The main conclusion is that the driving force behind the rise and decline in w age inequality is changes in relative returns. Returns decline due to changes in supply and institutional factors w hile returns rose due to labor demand. Both government transfers and private transfers contribute to the decline in inequality,and the effect of inequality reduction of government transfers is low er than private transfers.