市场结构、消费者偏好与最低质量标准规制的社会福利效应

Market Structure,Consumer Preferences and Social Welfare Effect of Minimum Quality Standards Regulation

竞争市场和垄断市场均衡时的产品质量水平和社会福利效应研究表明:当市场中不存在最低质量标准规制时,消费者的质量偏好分布会影响市场均衡时的产品质量水平,垄断市场中的产品质量水平较竞争市场更低;当政府对竞争市场进行最低质量标准规制时,市场均衡时的产品质量水平会得到一定程度的改善;当政府对垄断市场进行最低质量标准规制时,市场均衡时的产品质量水平将由政府和垄断企业间的相对谈判能力决定,并与垄断企业的谈判能力负相关;最低质量标准规制能使不同市场结构下的社会福利均有所改善,而竞争市场中社会福利的改善程度更为显著。

The equilibrium product quality and the corresponding social welfare effect in competitive and monopolistic markets before and after the intervention of minimum quality standards regulation are analyzed. the research show s that the distribution of consumer preferences can affect the equilibrium product quality and the equilibrium product quality in monopolistic market is low er than competitive market in the absence of minimum quality standards regulation. When the minimum quality standards regulation is implemented in the competitive market,the equilibrium product quality should be improved. When it is implemented in monopolistic market,the equilibrium product quality w ill be determined by the balance of government's and monopolistic firm's bargaining pow er,and there is a negative correlation betw een the equilibrium product quality and the firm's bargaining pow er. The minimum quality standards regulation makes the social w elfare improved in both markets,but it is more effective in competitive market.