自然灾害元数据标准的设计与构建

Design and Construction of Metadata Standards for Natural Disasters

元数据标准是数据库的一个重要组成部分,对自然灾害研究而言,涉及全球范围的历史灾情、时空信息等海量数据,在形成灾害数据库的过程中,离不开元数据标准的设计与构建。本文介绍了元数据与元数据标准的基本概念、特征以及作用等内容,提出了自然灾害元数据标准的设计思路,即以提高自然灾害数据库的建库质量,增强数据的使用效率,促进数据共享为目标,遵循稳定性与科学性、简单性与准确性、互操作性与易转换性、一致性与可扩展性等原则,实现描述评价、查询检索、管理维护、交换共享等功能。在此基础上,完成了自然灾害元数据标准的构建,共包含六大实体,33个元数据元素,36个元数据子元素。对于每一个元数据元素或子元素,均有九个属性对其加以限制和说明。该元数据标准已经应用于长三角地区自然灾害损失数据库的开发,为自然灾害数据管理和数据库建设提供了依据,是实现自然灾害数据共享的重要途径,也可以作为其它学科领域制定元数据标准的参考。

Metadata standard is an important part of the database.It is also an important means of current scientific management and application of information resources.The research of natural disasters includes massive data such as the history of the global scope of the disaster,the spatial information,the temporal information and so on.In the process of developing disaster databases usually requires the design and construction of the metadata standard.This paper introduces metadata and the content standards for metadata as well as characteristics and roles.It not only proposes the design idea of content standard for natural disasters metadata but also describes it from three aspects including the design goal,design principles and the specific functions.The goal is to improve the quality of natural disaster databases and to enhance the efficiency in the use of data and data sharing.The principles are to follow the Stability and scientific,simplicity and accuracy,interoperability and easy conversion,consistency and scalability.Functions contain description and evaluation,searching and retrieval,management and maintenance,exchange and sharing.On this basis,it completed the construction of content standard for natural disasters metadata which has 6 entities,33 metadata elements and 36 metadata sub-elements,shows the overall structure and clarifies the properties of the metadata elements.To each metadata element or sub-element,there are 9 attributes for restriction and instruction.The content standard for metadata has been applied to the development of the natural disaster loss database of the Yangtze River Delta region.It provides basis for data management and database construction of natural disasters which contributes to data sharing of natural disasters and offer a reference for formulation of other metadata standard.