中国催化三十年进展:理论和技术的创新

Progress in catalysis in China during 1982–2012: Theory and technological innovations

中国的催化科学与技术始于20世纪初, 经过先辈的努力使其经历了发展初期和稳定发展阶段, 在历史上由于人为因素的严重破坏使其处于停滞并失去了宝贵的十余年大好发展时机. 20世纪80年代, 中国催化事业进入了快速发展时期. 在这一历史时期, 迅速恢复和建立了以中科院、高校和产业部门研究院组成的三个方面军的研究队伍. 开展了以形式动力学为主要方法和手段的研究, 基础研究方面提炼出新催化材料、新催化表征方法和新催化反应为主要研究方向. 表面科学、纳米科学的出现大大促进和深化了催化的基础探索, 催化正从艺术走向科学……. 在应用催化研究方面, 在不同历史时期结合国家重大需求, 在煤、石油、天然气优化利用, 先进材料, 环境, 人类健康等领域做出了重大贡献. 当前的中国已成为催化大国并正在走向催化强国.

The development of catalytic science and technology in China dates from the early 20th century.In the beginning,the efforts of our predecessors gave an initial period of steady development.Then in the 1960s,there were serious obstacles by human factors during which the development of catalysis was stagnant and we lost more than ten years of development opportunity.In the 1980s,catalysis in China entered a period of rapid expansion.During this period,three main research sectors,namely,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),universities,and industries,were rapidly established and development recovered.Researchers carried out research using reaction kinetics as the main method and means.In basic research,the discovery of novel catalytic materials,characterization methods,and novel catalytic reactions were the main research directions.The introduction of surface science and nanoscience has greatly promoted and deepened the basic exploration of catalysis.Catalysis is now changing from an art to a science.In different historical periods,researches in applied catalysis were determined by national needs and these have made notable contributions to many fields,such as the optimal utilization of coal,petroleum and natural gas,advanced materials,and protection of environment as well as human health.Currently,China has begun contributing to important progress in catalysis and is moving towards becoming a regular contributor.