行株距配置对寒地水稻产量与品质的影响

Influence of Row and Plant Spacing on Yield and Quality of Rice in Cold Area

为明确寒地盐碱地区水稻高产栽培行株距和穴苗数配置及高产行株距配置下垦鉴稻5号产量及品质特征,采用裂区设计,于2009年对黑龙江大庆盐碱地区主栽水稻品种垦鉴稻5号进行不同行株距配置、群体结构优化研究。结果表明,大庆盐碱地区采用6株苗/穴、株距10 cm,行距30 cm的配置可以获得高产(9 896.90 kg/hm2),垦鉴稻5号理论产量较常规配置(4株苗/穴,30.0 cm×13.3 cm)增产31.42%,差异达到极显著水平;株、行距与产量均呈负相关,达显著或极显著水平,株距是3个因子中对高产影响作用最大的;垦鉴稻5号不同处理随株距增大,粗蛋白质含量降低、直链淀粉含量增加;口感和综合评分均以每穴2株苗的处理最好,以每穴6株苗的处理品质最差。综合比较,处理16(6-8株苗/穴,30.0 cm×10.0 cm)产量和品质是最佳群体配置。

The effects of plant and row spacing and seedling numbers per hill on the yield and quality of Kenjiandao5 planted in Daqing region were studied in 2009 adopting split-plot design method.The results indicated that,when the production patter were 6 seedlings per hill,10 cm of plant spacing and 30 cm of row spacing,the yield of Kenjiandao5 could reach 9 896.9 kg/hm2,its theoretical yield increased by 31.42% respectively compared with the conventional production pattern(4 seedlings per hill,13.3 cm of plant spacing,and 30 cm of row spacing),difference reached very significant level.Plant spacing and row spacing were negatively correlated with the yield,difference reached significant or very significant level.Among plant spacing,row spacing,and seedling numbers per hill,plant spacing was the most important limiting factor for high yield.With the increase of plant spacing,the content of crude protein decreased while the content of amylose increased.The mouth feels and taste score were best when the seedling numbers per hill was 2,the poorest when the number was 6.By comprehensive comparison,the pattern of 6-8 seedlings per hill,10.0 cm of plant spacing,and 30.0 cm of row spacing were the best for Kenjiandao5 in Daqing region.