基于群落结构的杭州市公共建筑物立体绿化温湿效应研究

Temperature and Humidity Benefits of the Three-Dimensional Forestation of Public Buildings in Hangzhou City Based on the Community Structure

公共建筑物的立体绿化主要包括屋顶绿化、垂直绿化以及地面环境绿化等形式,它是建筑节能减排的有效措施和途径之一。以杭州市解放路及其周边地区的公共建筑物为研究对象,从一层式、两层式、多层式绿化类型的植物群落结构出发进行比较,发现公共建筑物屋顶绿化的降温增湿效应比地面环境绿化的更为明显,而垂直绿化的降温增湿效应主要与植物枝叶的茂密程度和分布均匀水平有关。由于屋顶绿化的保温隔热作用,可使公共建筑物顶层普通房间的电能总负荷减少0.28 kW,按照每天8 h的工作时间计算,则每天只是空调的开启就可降低2 kW.h以上的耗电量。而这仅仅是公共建筑物的屋顶绿化就能达到的节能效果,若再加上适当的植物群落以及更多类型的立体绿化(垂直绿化),则建筑节能的潜力更大。

The three-dimensional greening of public buildings included roof greened,vertical greening and the ground environment greening.It was one of the effective measures and ways of building energy conservation and emissions reduction.Taking Jiefang road in Hangzhou city and the surrounding public buildings as the research object,the plant community structure of different greening types including one layer,two layer and multi-layer greening were compared.It was found that the roof greening of public buildings had more apparent cooling and humidifying effect than ground environment greening;and the cooling and humidifying effect of vertical greening related to the density and distribution uniformity of foliage.Due to the heat preservation and insulation effect of roof greening,the average room electricity load on the top floor of public buildings could be reduced by 0.28 kW.When the daily working time was 8 h,the power consumption for air conditioner could be reduced by more than 2 kW·h/d.This was only the energy saving effect of roof greening of public buildings,if coupled with appropriate flora and other types of stereoscopic greening(vertical greening),the energy conservation potential of buildings was greater.