二十年来南通市滨海地区景观格局变化分析

Landscape Pattern Changes in Coastal Area of Nantong City in Recent Twenty Years

滨海地区具有生物多样性丰富、生产力高且生态效应大、潜在经济价值大的特点。试验选用1991年、2000年和2010年三个时期的TM和ETM遥感影像为主要数据源,定量分析了南通市滨海地区20年来的潮间盐水沼泽、淤泥质海滩、三角洲(沙洲、沙岛)、水产养殖场、滨海建设用地和陆域其他类型用地6类景观的面积变化情况。结果表明,20年间南通市滨海地区陆域景观面积不断增加,海域景观尤其是潮间盐水沼泽面积大幅减少,海陆分界线不断向海洋方向移动,且前10年(1991～2000年)变化幅度较小,后10年(2001～2010年)变化显著。南通市滨海地区的景观格局变化与沿海开发程度密不可分,建议在进行沿海开发时,包括开发方式、开发范围、开发速度及力度等在内的沿海开发方案制定与实施需慎之又慎,以避免造成不可逆转的不良后果。

Coastal areas have the characteristics of rich biodiversity,productivity and high ecological effect and potential economic value.Based on the TM images and ETM images of 1991,2000 and 2010,the changes of 6 landscape patterns including tidal salt marsh,silt beach,delta/sandbar,aquaculture farms,construction land and other land use types of coastal areas in Nantong city in the recent 20 years were analyzed.The result indicated that the terrestrial landscape areas increased notably,while ocean landscape,especially the inter-tidal salt marsh areas reduced,sea-land demarcation line moved continuously in the direction of ocean.The changes in the first 10 years(1991～2000) were small,while in the last 10 years(2001～2010) was significant.The landscape changes in coastal areas of Nantong were inseparable with the coastal development,it changed slowly in 1991-2000 and changed notably in 2001-2010.It was suggested that the design and implementation of coast development plan including development mode,scale,speed and strength should be cautious to avoid irreversible damages.