豫西低山丘陵区不同植被恢复类型表层土壤入渗规律

The Infiltration Law at the Top Soil of Different Restored Vegetation Types in the Hilly Area of Western Henan Province

采用双环入渗法研究了豫西低山丘陵区6种不同植被恢复类型表层土壤入渗规律的差异,并选择Kostiakov公式、Horton公式和Philip公式对6种类型植被恢复土壤的入渗过程进行了模拟。结果表明:①不同植被恢复类型土壤的初渗率、稳渗率、孔隙度和含水量均存在显著差异(P【0.01),初渗率和稳渗率均表现出栓皮栎次生林】栓皮栎人工林】刺槐人工林】侧柏人工林】灌丛】荒草地的规律;②Philip公式对6种植被恢复类型土壤入渗过程的拟合精度最高,6种植被恢复类型土壤入渗过程呈现出相似的规律,可分为瞬变阶段(0~15 min)、渐变阶段(15~30 min)和稳定阶段(30 min后);③土壤的物理性质影响入渗率,稳渗率与土壤容重呈负相关,符合负指数曲线;林地由于土壤容重降低、孔隙度增加的缘故,其土壤入渗率明显高于荒草地。运用封育天然次生林和乡土树种人工林进行植被恢复有利于提高土壤的入渗性能。

The differences of top soil infiltration in six kinds of restored vegetation types were studied with double-ring infiltration method.And Kostiakov model,Horton model and Philip model were selected to simulate the infiltration processes of six restored vegetation types in the hilly area of western Henan province.The results indicated that the initial infiltration,stable infiltration,porosity,and soil water content had significant differences among six kinds of restored vegetation types(P< 0.01).The value order of initial infiltration and stable infiltration was as follows,Quercus variabilis secondary forest >Q.variabilis plantation>Black locust plantation>Platycladus orientalis plantation>shrub land>abandoned land.Philip model showed better fitting accuracy to simulate the infiltration processes of six vegetation types than Kostiakov model and Horton model.The infiltration processes of six vegetation types had the same rule that it could be divided into three phases,the transient phase(0~15 min),the gradient phase(15~30 min) and the stable phase(after 30 min).The infiltration rate was affected by soil properties.Stable infiltration was significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk,and their relationship fitted an exponential curve.Due to lower soil bulk,and greater porosity in woodland,woodland had greater infiltration values than abandoned land.It suggested that forest conversions and forest restorations with native tree species were benefit for increasing soil infiltration.