桃花水母分类、分布及江西桃花水母形态观察

New Materials for Classification, Distribution of Craspedacusta and Morphological Observation of Craspedacusta in Jiangxi Province

综述了桃花水母(Craspedacusta)分类和分布的新资料。结果表明,全球记录有桃花水母13种(亚种),但对部分种的有效性尚存在争议。目前,索氏桃花水母、伊势桃花水母和中华桃花水母被公认为有效种。中国作为桃花水母的模式种产地,已报道过该属12种(亚种),日本2种,全球1种。索氏桃花水母为广布种,分布在北半球亚热带、温带及中国黄河以南,日本及欧美也有分布,其生境多样,多活跃在水面至水下1~2 m处。从桃花水母的分布图可以看出,中国已有19个省、市、区发现过桃花水母。对江西4地点桃花水母的形态参数进行了测量,认为其在形态上均为索氏桃花水母。

The new materials for classification and distribution of Craspedacusta were summarized. Although 13 species and subspecies were reported over the world, but the validity of several species was disputed. It becomes obvious that Craspedacusta sowerbii, C. sinensis and C. iseanum are valid species. Craspedacusta originate from China which has abundant and unique Craspedacusta and exists 12 species(or subspecies), however Japan has 2 species only, and 1 or less in occidental countries. Only C. sowerbii which has various habitats and stay active at the surface and the 1 ~2 m stratum of underwater is widely distributed in northern hemisphere subtropical, temperate zone and south of the yellow river of China.The distribution of Craspedacusta was described and illustrated in detail, with 19 provinces, cities and districts discovered in China. For the first time to measure the morphological parameters of Craspedacusta from 4 places in Jiangxi province, and it was discovered that all of them were C. sowerbii in morphology.