郑州市土地资源承载力分析

The Bearing Capacity of Land Resources in Zhengzhou City

土地资源承载力是揭示人地关系、衡量区域可持续发展的重要指标。采用遥感技术,参照生物生产性土地分类,以2009年TM遥感数据为基础对郑州市土地资源进行遥感解译,获得其土地利用/覆盖现状空间分布;同时,通过建立耕地承载力、生态承载力、建设用地承载力数学模型对土地资源承载力进行比较,探索制约城市发展的决定性因素。结果表明,郑州市建设用地承载力和规划耕地承载力可满足人口规模和经济社会发展的需求,但现状耕地承载力及生态承载力存在不同程度的安全隐患。具体表现为郑州市现状耕地承载力存在不同程度的超载,其中中心区超载最为严重。达到耕生产潜力时的规划耕地承载力阈值除了中心区和巩义市处于满载状态外,其他各市(县、区)承载力仍有很大的空间;各市(县、区)人均生态承载力则远低于世界和全国人均水平,中心区最低,为0.106 60 hm2/人;中牟县最高,为0.723 38 hm2/人。表明郑州市土地利用格局不能很好地适应人口和经济社会的发展,是制约经济社会可持续发展的主导因素。

The bearing capacity of land resources is an important index for revealing the relation between human and land,evaluating the regional sustainable development. With remote sensing techniques and based on land use / covered classification,the land use satellite images of Zhengzhou city in 2009 were interpreted and the land use status of space distribution were obtained. At the same time, through establishing the mathematical models of cultivated land bearing capacity, ecological carrying capacity of land, and construction land capacity, the bearing capacities of land resources were compared and the decisive factors of restricting city development were explored. The results showed that the construction land bearing capacity of Zhengzhou city could meet the needs of the development of the population and economic society development, but the actuality cultivated land and ecological carrying and plan cultivated land bearing capacity capacity had different degrees of safety problems. Concretely speaking, the cultivated land of Zhengzhou city was overloaded in different degree, especially in the centre city. Except for the centre and Gongyi city, other cities still had a large surplus of bearing capacity. The per capita ecological carrying capacities of all cities were far lower than the world and the national mean values, the lowest was 0.10660 hectare per person in the centre, and the highest was 0.723 38 hectare per person in Zhongmou county. These results indicated that the land use pattern in Zhengzhou city was not well adapted to the sustainable developments of the population and economic society development, and was the main factor restricting the developments of economy and society.