黎族野生蔬菜资源的民族植物学研究

Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Vegetable Resources of Li Nationality

运用民族植物学的研究方法,对海南省黎族传统食用的野生蔬菜资源进行了调查研究。结果表明,黎族传统食用的野生蔬菜资源共有81种,隶属于44科71属。其中草本植物的种类最多,有58种,占总数的71.6%;其次是藤本植物,有11种,占13.6%;乔木和灌木植物的种类较少,各为6种,分别占7.4%。野生蔬菜资源食用部位以嫩茎叶为主,有56种,占69.1%;其中马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)、刺芫荽(Eryngium foetidum L.)、少花龙葵(Solanum americanum Mill.)、闭鞘姜[Costus speciosus(Koen.)Smith]、积雪草[Centella asiatica(L.)Urban]、树仔菜[Sauropus androgynus(L.)Merr.]、蕨菜[Pteridium aquilinum(L.)Kuhn var.latiusculum(Desv.)Underw.ex Heller]、假蒟(Piper sarmentosum Roxb.)、薯蓣(Dioscorea polystachya Turcz)、水芹[Oenanthe javanica(Bl.)DC]等种类具有很高的潜在价值,值得进一步深入研究和开发应用,以促进当地农业经济的发展。

Ethnobotanical methods were adopted for the investigation on traditional edible wild vegetable resources used by Li nationality in Hainan province. A total of 81 species in 71 genera of 44 families were reported as wild vegetables. Most of the species(71.6%) were herbs, followed by liana(13.6%), trees and shrubs(7.4% each). Tender stem and leaf were the parts used mostly, accounting for 56 species(69.1%). Portulaca oleracea L., Eryngium foetidum L., Solanum americanum Mill., Costus speciosus(Koen.) Smith, Centella asiatica(L.) Urban, Sauropus androgynus(L.) Merr., Pteridium aquilinum(L.)Kuhn var. latiusculum(Desv.) Underw. ex Heller, Piper sarmentosum Roxb., Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. and Oenanthe javanica(Bl.) DC. were species had high potential value, worth further investigation and exploitation so as to promote development of local agricultural economy.