鄂东北丘陵岗地有机茶栽培及管理技术

Study on Cultivation and Management Technology of Organic Tea in Hilly Area of Northeast Hubei Province

以鄂东北丘陵岗地有机茶园生产管理为例,针对生产上所面临的实际问题进行了4年多的系统研究,完善了当地有机茶生产的主要栽培和管理技术体系。其技术要点如下:一是有机茶园建园的选址必须是茶园周围的环境质量要符合国家有关标准的规定,定植方式实行矮密型双行种植方式,茶园的防护林隔离带不可或缺;二是根据生产目的茶类的要求选用适合对路的优良茶树[Camellia.sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze]品种,针对不同定植后茶树年龄实施合理的树冠培养及定型修剪技术,切实防止过度采摘;三是科学有效地实施有机茶园的土壤与施肥管理,严格选择施用肥料的种类,主要施用农家有机肥,重视间作豆科绿肥作物,以增加土壤有机质含量和生物活性、改善土壤结构、减少水土流失、抑制杂草生长;四是保持茶园良好的生态环境,优先采用农业技术措施加强病虫害防治,保护和利用天敌资源以提高自然生物防治能力,有条件地使用植物源和矿物源农药;五是采取有效措施,积极预防茶树冻害,确保茶树安全越冬,一旦冻害发生,要及时采取有针对性的挽救措施,使茶树尽早恢复生长,从而保证茶叶的持续稳定生产。

Taking the production management of organic tea garden in hilly area of Northeast Hubei province as example,systematic research was conducted for 4 continuous years based on the practical problems faced during production; and the local main cultivation and management techniques of organic tea production system was perfected. The key points were as followed. Firstly, the organic tea garden must locate at where the surrounding environment quality met the national standard;tea trees be planted in the way of short-density type two-row; protective forest belt of the tea gardens was essential. Secondly, elite tea cultivars should be selected according to the target tea type; reasonable crown cultivation and pruning techniques should be conducted according to different age of tea trees; and excessive harvesting need to be effectively prevented. Thirdly, soil and fertilizer management of organic tea garden should be scientifically and effectively implemented; the type of fertilizers should be strictly selected, mainly focusing on farm-organic fertilizer and paying attention to intercropping leguminous green manure crops to increase soil organic matter content and biological activity, improve soil structure, reduce soil erosion and suppress weeds. Fourthly, a sound ecological environment of tea garden should be maintained, agro-technical measures should be the first consideration for strengthening pest and disease control; protecting and utilizing natural enemies to improve the biological control capabilities, conditionally using plant and mineral source pesticides. Fifthly, effective measures should be taken to prevent freezing injury of tea trees positively so that the tea trees could safely pass winter. Once freeze injury occurred, effective saving measures should be conducted accordingly and timely so that growth of tea tree could be recovered as early as possible, so as to guarantee the sustainable and stable production of tea.