生态补偿与藏东南农牧民可持续生计研究

Ecological Compensation and Sustainable Livelihoods of Farming Herdsmen in Southeastern Tibet

藏东南地区作为西藏国家生态安全屏障的重要组成部分,长期以来由于人类社会对生态产品的无补偿占用导致生态退化和农牧民生计衰微。面临处于生态脆弱与经济落后的双重境地,必须建立完善的生态补偿体系,以保证生态经济良性循环。本研究从历史的视角,用可持续生计框架分析了藏东南农牧业生计的脆弱性,并引入生计可持续力函数(FSL)来定量分析了生态补偿的可行性,得出生态补偿扩展了农牧民生计资产的五边形图,进而提出通过生态补偿来保证农牧民生计的可持续性的建议。

Southeastern Tibet district is an important part of state ecological safe shelter zone in Tibet autonomous region. For a long time, the ecological products free had caused ecological degradation and livelihood decline. Southeastern Tibet district had been facing the dual restriction of environment degradation and poverty. Thus the support system of ecology-economic should be constructed in order to ensure virtuous circle of ecological-economic. Based on historical perspective, sustainable livelihoods framework was adopted to analyze vulnerability of pastoral livelihoods in southeastern Tibet district; then function of sustainable livelihoods(FSL)was introduced for quantitative analysis of the feasibility of ecological compensation. The results indicated that ecological compensation expanded the pentagon of livelihood assets and increased the sustainability of livelihood of pastoralists. It was suggested that to guarantee the sustainablity of farmers and herdsmen’s livelihoods by ecological compensation.