论“聚”的演生及其在两汉社会中的存续与发展

On the Existence and Development of "Settlement" in the Han Dynasty

"聚"作为最早的一种血缘自然聚落形式,在中国都邑文明国家形成以后一直顽强地存在着。在西周,"聚"被完全纳入乡遂制度之中,故鲜见其踪;春秋以后,随着当时军事战争以及各国社会改革的进行,一些被灭或被迁徙的宗法贵族不得不回归旧有的聚族形式,而再生出具有全新意义的邑落———"聚",并且一直延续至秦汉社会。秦汉时期,专制政权一直试图对其进行分化、瓦解,将其纳入自己的统治轨道之中,其中"亭"一级行政组织就是主要针对"聚"而设立的控制机构。

As the earliest natural settlement form by ties of blood,"settlement" has been indomitably existed since the formulation of towns in China.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,"settlement" was so absolutely delimited into the rural system that it could hardly been realized.Since the Spring and Autumn Period,and with the ongoing of military wars and social reformations in certain nations,some eliminated or migrated patriarchal aristocracy had no means but to come back to the traditional "settlement" style,thus revived the "settlement" in a totally up-to-date sense.It was lasted until the Qin and Han Dynasty.In the period of the Qin and Han Dynasty,the autocratic power had been doing something to disintegrate and collapse it with the purpose of keeping it under its rule.The "Pavilion" administration department was just one of the rule institutions as against the "settlement".