论陈明水“慎独知几”的工夫思想

A Preliminary Study of Chen Mingshui's Social Practice Thought of "Awakening Oneself by Discreetness on One's Own" and "Pursuit of Virtue Perfection"

陈明水是阳明后学中的重要人物,"慎独知几"是其工夫论上的重要主张。"独"和"几"是陈明水从不同侧面对良知的把握,基于此,便有了"慎独"和"知几"的区分。"慎独"着重从总体上强调了如何把握良知,指明了致知工夫的大方向,而"知几"则强调了对工夫具体过程的指引。"慎独知几"思想,使致知工夫的层次性和阶段性得以凸显,在阳明后学的诸多工夫论中显示出独到之处。

Being an important figure of the Yang-Ming School of neo-Confucianism,Chen Mingshui proposes "awakening oneself by discreetness on one’s own" and "pursuit of virtue perfection",which are his important views on social practice."Awakening oneself by discreetness on one’s own" and "pursuit of virtue perfection" are the two perceptions that Chen Mingshui explains innate knowledge from different aspects.Based on this thought,there are some differences between "awakening oneself by discreetness on one’s own" and "pursuit of virtue perfection"."Awakening oneself by discreetness on one’s own" generally focuses on how to grasp innate knowledge and points out the general direction of extension of innate knowledge,while "pursuit of virtue perfection" mainly emphasizes the guiding for the specific process of social practice.The thought of "awakening oneself by discreetness on one’s own" and "pursuit of virtue perfection" highlights the hierarchies and stages of social practice.Unique qualities can be found in the social practice thoughts of the Yang-Ming School of neo-Confucianism.