论跨国公司污染转移的法律治理

On Legal Governance of Multinational Corporations' Pollution Transfer

全球化时代,跨国公司的直接投资在为发展中国家带来资金、技术和管理知识的同时,也将污染产业转移到发展中国家,从而带来了环境污染问题。我国是吸引外资最多的发展中国家,对跨国公司污染转移的监管责任重大。跨国公司污染转移具有隐蔽性、长期性、歧视性。关于跨国公司污染转移的动因,目前有污染避难所假说、环境成本转移说、市场失灵和政府失灵说。治理跨国公司污染转移的法律依据既有国际法层面的,也有国内法层面的。我国对跨国公司污染转移的治理存在诸多不足,既有国际法的强制力不足,也有国内立法规定不足,另外,还有外资审批的环保把关不严、环境信息公开制度不完善等。针对跨国公司污染转移法律治理的不足,我国应从以下几个方面予以完善:促进国际立法、完善国内相关立法、加强投资的环境审批和环保执法、完善环境信息公开制度、加快完善环境标准体系。

In the era of globalization,the multinational corporations bring funds,technology and management knowledge to the developing countries by direct investment,and they also transfer the polluting industries,which has produced the environmental pollution problems.China is the developing country that has attracted the most foreign investment,so we have great supervisory responsibility on multinational corporations' pollution transfer.Multinational corporations' pollution transfer possesses the characteristics of being concealed,long-term and discriminatory.The theories of motivation of multinational corporations' pollution transfer include pollution heaven hypothesis,environmental cost-shifting theory,market failure and government failure theory.The legal basis for the management of multinational corporations' pollution transfer exists in not only the international law,but also the domestic law.There are many problems in China's governance of multinational corporations' pollution transfer,not only insufficiently enforceable in international laws,but also deficient in the domestic legislations.In addition,the environmental protection of the foreign investment being approved is not strict,and the environmental information disclosure system is not perfect,etc.In view of the shortage of legal governance of the multinational corporations' pollution transfer,China should promote international legislation,perfect domestic legislation,strengthen the enforcement of environmental protection and the approval of foreign investment,and perfect the environmental information disclosure system and environmental standard system.