不同施肥条件对烟草施肥效应及肥料利用率的影响

Influences of Different Fertilizing Conditions on Fertilizer Response and Fertilizer Utilization Rate of Tobacco

通过长沙、常宁、永州三地田间试验,研究了不同施肥条件对烟草的施肥效应及肥料的利用率的影响。结果表明:同一试点的3个施肥处理的产量均显著高于不施肥处理;3个施肥处理之间产量差异不显著;长沙、常宁和永州3个试点经济效益最好的均为有机无机肥配合施用处理,分别比不施肥区处理增收128.3%、101.1%和227.1%。烤烟地上部分吸收的氮、磷、钾主要向烟叶中转移,同一个试点3个施肥处理间烤烟地上部分吸收的氮、磷、钾向烟叶中转移的量基本相同,各养分的吸收量为钾>氮>磷。同一试点的3个施肥处理烤烟对氮肥和磷肥利用率相差不大,同一试点单质化肥和有机无机肥配合施用处理的钾肥利用率均明显高于习惯施肥处理,这是3个试点目前烟农的习惯施肥中钾肥施用量过大所致。由此说明有机无机肥配合施用处理优化了肥料配比,降低了肥料施用量,更有利于烟叶生产。

The field plot experiments we re carried out in Changsha,Changning and Yongzhou in order to study the influences of different fertilizing conditions on fertilizer response and fertilizer utilization rate of tobacco.The results showed that the yield of tobacco leaves in the three fertilization treatments at the same site were all higher than that in non fertilization treatment,but there was no significant difference among three fertilization treatments;the best economic benefit all showed in treatment with combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer in Changsha,Changning and Yongzhou,which increased by 128.3%,101.1% and 227.1% compared with treatment with non fertilization.The nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) absorbed by aerial part of tobacco mainly transferred into tobacco leaves,and the amount of N,P and K transferred from aerial part to the tobacco leaves was almost the same among the three fertilization treatments in the same site,and the absorbing amount of each nutrient ordered as K>N>P.The utilization rate of tobacco to N fertilizer and P fertilizer did not have big difference among the three fertilization treatments at the same site,but the treatment with single fertilizer or with combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer in the same site had significantly higher utilization rate to K fertilizer in comparison with traditional fertilization treatment,that is because K fertilizer rate in present traditional fertilization was too much in all the three sites.Therefore,the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer is more beneficial to tobacco production and enhance of economic benefit of tobacco leaves for it optimized fertilizer ratio and reduced fertilizer rate.