菜地土壤氮磷污染现状及其防控措施

Present Status of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution in Vegetable Fields and Its Control Measures

菜地过量施肥,引发了菜地土壤理化性质恶化、地表水体富营养化、地下水硝酸盐污染和大气污染等一系列环境问题。综述了菜地土壤氮磷污染现状,指出应提倡合理施肥和水肥的综合管理、优化种植制度、种植填闲作物、应用生态拦截及源汇型景观组合、研发应用新型肥料和化学抑制剂等。

Chemical fertilizers are often excessively applied on vegetable fields to pursue higher yields.However,most vegetables are inherently shallow root system which results in large quantities of fertilizer losses and triggers a series of environmental problems,e.g.,deterioration of physical and chemical properties of vegetable soil,eutrophication of surface water,nitrate pollution of groundwater and air pollution.This paper reviewed the present status of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in vegetable soils,and then it put forward some control measures aimed at supply references for the further study on the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in vegetable fields,which includes advocating rational fertilization and comprehensive management of water and fertilizer,optimizing planting system,planting catch crops,applying combination of ecological interception and source-sink landscape,developing and applying new type fertilizer and inhibitor,and comprehensive control of non-point source pollution in vegetable field.