长江下游铁黄沙湿地植被与底栖动物群落研究

Vegetation and Zoobenthos Community of Ferric Yellow-sand Wetland in the Lower Yangtze River

对长江下游铁黄沙湿地植被和底栖动物的群落结构进行了研究。结果表明:铁黄沙植被结构相对简单,主要的优势种为芦苇、藨草、菰。芦苇群落带生物量较高,伴生有十几种其他高等植物;藨草群落带生物量较低,群落结构比较单一,但是盖度范围和密度较大。共调查到大型底栖动物10种,以甲壳类动物和环节类动物为主。前者主要分布在高潮滩,并随高程降低逐渐减少,后者主要分布在中低潮滩,中潮滩生物种类数最多。优势种主要为无齿螳臂相手蟹、谭氏泥蟹和河蚬。底栖动物的生物多样性以藨草群落带最好,潮下光滩群落带最差,芦苇群落带和菰群落带介于其中。

The vegetation and the community structure of zoobenthos of ferric yellow-sand wetland in the lower Yangtze River were studied.The results showed that the vegetation structure of ferric yellow-sand was relatively simple,its dominant species were reed,Scirpus triqueter and Zizania caduciflora.There was a relatively higher biomass in reed community belt,and more than 10 species of other higher plant accompanied with it;Scirpus triqueter community belt had relatively low biomass and simple community structure,but its coverage range and coverage density were relatively larger.Moreover,total 10 species of macrobenthos had been investigated,which mainly were crustacean and annelid.The former mainly distributed in the beach with high tide,and it gradually decreased with reducing beach elevation;the latter mainly distributed in the beach with middle tide and low tide,among which the beach with middle tide had the most number of biological species.The dominant species of zoobenthos mainly were Chiromantes dehaani,Ilyoplax deschampsi and Corbicula fluminea.The biological diversity of zoobenthos was the best in Scirpus triqueter community belt and the worst in subtidal mudflat community belt,which in the reed community belt and the Zizania caduciflora community belt were between them.