稻草还田添加有机物料腐熟剂对土壤和水稻的影响

Influences of Returning Straws to the Field Adding with Organic Matters Decomposition Maturing Agent on Soil and Rice

研究了水稻翻耕耕作模式下添加有机物料腐熟剂对稻草还田效果的影响。试验设计了稻草不还田(处理1)、全量还田(处理2)、全量还田+灭活有机物料腐熟剂(处理3)和全量还田+有机物料腐熟剂(处理4)4个处理,研究了其对土壤理化性状和水稻农艺性状、产量的影响。试验结果表明:处理4的稻草腐解时间比其他3个处理组缩短3~4 d。其对下茬水稻农艺性状的影响与处理2比较,虽然株高少0.7 cm,结实率低0.7%,但有效穗数、穗实粒数、千粒重分别增加0.2万穗/667m2、4.2粒/穗、0.3 g,增加率分别为6.8%,7.5%,1.4%。处理4在28 d时土壤pH值最低,为6.41;土壤全钾含量比处理2降低了0.5 g/kg,但其土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量比处理2分别增加0.5、0.01,0.056 g/kg,速效钾和有效磷分别增加11、0.78 mg/kg,改善了土壤的理化性状。处理4的水稻产量分别比处理1、处理2的增产34.4、18.1 kg/667m2,增率分别为8.2%、4.1%。经F检验,处理4与处理1、处理2差异显著。

The influences of adding organic matters decomposition maturing agent on effect of returning straw to the field under tillage mode were researched. The experiment designed four treatments, including non returning straw to the field(treatment 1), returning all of straw to the field(treatment 2), returning all of straw to the field adding with inactivated organic matters decomposition maturing agent(treatment 3), and returning all of straw to the field adding with organic matters decomposition maturing agent(treatment 4), and the influences of the four treatment on soil physicochemical characters and rice agricultural characters were studied. The results showed that in comparison with the other three treatments, the treatment 4 shortened 3~4 d in straw decomposition time; in comparison with treatment 2 in the effects of treatment on the rice agricultural characters in next season, the treatment 4 was less in plant height by 0.7 cm and lower in seed setting rate by 0.7%, but its effective spike number, effective grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight increased by 30 000 spikes/hm2, 4.2 grains/spike and 0.3 g, respectively, and their increasing rates were 6.8%, 7.5% and1.4%, respectively. The lowest pH value of soil showed at 28thd in treatment 4(6.41); in comparison with treatment 2, the total potassium content of soil in treatment 4 decreased by 0.5 g/kg, but the organic matters content, total nitrogen content,total phosphor content, available potassium content and available phosphor content of soil in treatment 4 increased by 0.5g/kg, 0.01 g/kg, 0.056 g/kg, 11 mg/kg and 0.78 mg/kg, respectively. It indicated that the physiochemical characters of soil were improved. In comparison with treatment 1 and treatment 2, the rice yield in treatment 4 increased by 516 kg/hm2 and271.5 kg/hm2 with increasing rate of 8.2% and 4.1%, respectively. The F test results indicated that the differences between treatment 4 and treatment 1 or treatment 4 and treatment 2 were significant.