定居牧民对退牧还草政策的认知及响应研究——以阿勒泰市为例

Settled Herdsmen's Awareness of Returning Grazing Land to Grassland Policy and Their Responses——Taking Aletai City as an Example

采用调查问卷的方式,对阿勒泰市3个乡进行实地调研,调查了当地定居牧民对退牧还草政策的认知程度及响应。研究表明大多数牧民对此政策只是大概了解;牧民普遍存在重利用、轻保护的心理,将草地退化的原因归结于自然因素;关于补奖政策对其经济状况的改善程度,大多数牧民认为作用十分有限;政策实施后,牧民主要收入来源变化大,最显著的是畜牧业收入的减少及种植业收入的增加,且兼业、经商及其他方面的来源也有一定程度的提高。建议相关部门增加宣传途径使牧民深入了解相关政策;政府在制定草原生态补偿奖励政策时,应确立一套科学完整的补偿标准计算方法。同时,在生态补偿体系方面,可以通过广义的补偿来保障补偿的有效开展;此外,政府应该多给予牧民相应的技术支持或技能培训,并鼓励和帮助年轻牧民寻找新的出路。

Based on the survey of three townships in Aletai with questionnaires, the study investigates local settled herdsmen’s awareness of Returning Grazing Land to Grassland policy and their responses to it. It is found that most of the herdsmen just have a general idea about the policy and they believe the grassland degeneration mainly caused by natural factors; the economic compensation is not very helpful for them to improve their life qualities; their income sources have obviously changed after the implementation of the policy. Several suggestions are provided in the paper: related departments should offer more channels for herdsmen to deeply know the policy; the government should establish a set of scientific calculation method of the compensation standard; moreover, the government should offer relevant technique support or skill training, and encourage and assist young herdsmen to seek for new development opportunities.