广州地铁五号线车站空气质量状况调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on Circumstances of Air Quality in Guangzhou Metro Line 5 Station

目的了解广州地铁五号线车站空气质量现状,为地铁卫生管理和疾病预防控制等工作的开展提供科学依据及合理建议。方法对广州地铁五号线全线24个车站的站台、站厅各取5个点进行监测。监测指标包括温度、相对湿度、风速、照度、噪声、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO2)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、甲醛、空气细菌总数。结果 21个车站噪声监测均值超过卫生标准(超标率为87.50%)。3个车站甲醛监测均值超过卫生标准(超标率为12.50%)。站台CO2的监测均值高于站厅,相对湿度、PM10、照度低于站厅(P<0.05)。换乘车站CO2、甲醛、空气细菌总数、照度的监测均值高于非换乘车站,风速低于非换乘车站(P<0.05)。高架车站温度、CO、PM10的监测均值高于站厅,CO2、甲醛低于站厅(P<0.05)。结论噪声、甲醛是地铁需要重视的空气卫生学问题。换乘车站是地铁改善空气的重点场所。适当增加新风供给、加强新风过滤,对提高地铁空气质量有积极意义。

Objectives To investigate and analyze the circumstances of air quality in Guangzhou Metro Line 5 station to provide scientific evidence and reasonable suggestion for health management and disease prevention of metro.Methods 24 stations of Guangzhou Metro Line 5 were monitored with each monitored on 5 points at the platform and concourse respectively.The monitoring indexes included air temperature,relative humidity,wind velocity,illuminance,noise,carbon monoxide(CO),carbon dioxide(CO2),respirable particulate matter(PM10),formaldehyde,the total count of bacteria colony.Results Average noise value of 21 stations exceeds the national standard,with the unqualified rate 87.50%.Average formaldehyde value of 3 stations was higher than the national standard,with the unqualified rate 12.50%.The concertration of CO2 at the platform was higher than those at the concourse,while relative humidity,PM10 and illuminance at the platform were lower than those at the concourse(P<0.05).The concertration of CO2,formaldehyde,the total count of bacteria colony at the transfer stations was higher than those at the untransfer stations,while wind velocity at the transfer stations were lower than these at the un-transfer stations(P<0.05).The temperature,CO,PM10 at the elevated stations was higher than these at the concourse,while CO2,formaldehyde at the elevated stations were lower than those at the concourse(P<0.05).Conclusions The noise and concentration of formaldehyde should be stressed as more important index for assessing the air quality in metro.The transfer stations were punctuated as to improve the air quality.The air quality in the subway stations could be better by strengthening fresh air supplement and filtration.