摘要
表面活性剂修复技术是修复重度石油污染土壤有机污染的主要方法之一。本文针对胜利油田重度石油污染土壤,通过调研初选生物环保型好的油田常用表面活性剂,并通过室内降低油水界面张力能力和脱油能力的考查,筛选出适合胜利油田典型污染区块的表面活性剂类型,并考察了不同洗脱条件对土壤中石油烃类污染物去除效果的影响,最后探究了高效表面活性剂的作用机理。实验结果表明:针对胜利油田重度污染土壤,筛选出的椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱型表面活性剂(代号CAB)在0.3%浓度时的一次饱和脱油率可达70%以上,满足胜利油田重度石油污染土壤修复的要求,而且CAB在油田应用较为广泛,生物降解性好,不存在二次污染的问题;油水界面张力是筛选表面活性剂的重要依据,界面张力达到10-2数量级和10-3数量级的表面活性剂都有好的脱油效果;好的振荡条件(或搅拌)、适当的温度和足够的脱油时间有利于表面活性剂发挥作用;CAB由于同时具有良好的降低油水界面张力能力和使油湿表面向水湿方向转变的能力而具有最好的脱油效率。
Surfactant repair techniques is an important method to repair heavy oil-contaminated soil.In this paper,the suitable surfactant for Typical contamination block of shengli Oilfield is found through selecting surfactant with environmental friendly and evaluating the ability of reducing oil-water interfacial tension and peeling oil from the soil.The effects of shaking speed,temperature and time were also studied.The result shows that the CAB with concentration of 0.3% can achieve an oil removal over 70%,while it is no secondary pollution.When IFT is between 10-2 and 10-3 magnitude,it has the same good oil removal resule.The CAB could reduce the interfacial tension and change the oil wettability to water wettability,so it has the best effect.
出处
《内蒙古石油化工》
CAS
2013年第18期4-8,共5页
Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry
基金
第十二期北京青少年科学探索专项资金
