构形义和记词义

Sense of Glyph and Sense of Words

字本义是造字时字形所蕴涵的意义,它包括构形义和记词义。构形义是汉字字形组合构形的意义;记词义是汉字字形所记录的观念或语词的意义,就是一般所说的词本义。汉字的构形义与记词义的关系有两种:一种是构形义等同记词义,一种是构形义不等同记词义。构形义等同记词义的字,多是记词义有形可象的字。构形义不等同记词义的字,多是记词义无形可象的字。把构形义当作记词义以及用词义引申关系来说明构形义和记词义的关系都是不正确的。

The literal sense of characters is the original meaning of a character,which includes the sense of glyph and the sense of words. The sense of glyph comes from the character combination and configuration of glyph; whereas the sense of words is the meaning of the ideas or words about Chinese character glyph,and we usually call it the literal sense of words. There are two relationships between the sense of glyph and the sense of words: on one hand,they are the same; on the other hand,they are distinct. When they are the same,most of them are able to be configured; or,conversely,they are not. It is not true either to confuse the two issues or to use semantic exten- sions to illustrate the relationship between the sense of glyph and the sense of words.