论《史记》的想象与虚构

Theory of Imagination and Fiction in Shiji(史记)

《史记》是司马迁本着"实录"历史事件的原则,根据自身学识和生命体验,在设置历史事件场景,叙述历史事件细节,复原历史人物心理、语言等方面运用了一定的想象和虚构而著成的一部史学巨作。借助想象和虚构化的艺术方式,使《史记》中历史事实的场景更加适宜,情节更加生动曲折,人物形象更加丰满。此虚饰增益化的写作倾向亦使《史记》呈现了小说化叙事美感。《史记》史传文学的基质由此也得以奠定,并对后世小说、戏曲创作产生了重大影响。

Under the principle of ‘faithfully recording’historical events,Sima Qian uses imagination and fiction based on his own knowledge and life experience in setting up historical scenes,telling historical details and resto- ring the psychology and language of historical figures in Shiji( 史记). With imagination and fiction,the scenes are rendered more proper,the events more vivid and the figures more well-rounded in Shiji( 史记). This writing tend- ency gives Shiji( 史记) a fictionalized narrative aesthetic perception and lays the foundation of biographical litera- ture matrix,which? has had a significant impact on the creation of novels and dramas hence forward.