岩上静脉的解剖学研究

Anatomical Study of Superior Petrosal Vein and its Clinical Significance

目的通过对岩上静脉(SPV)进行应用解剖学研究,为临床桥小脑角区手术提供解剖学参考资料。方法 10例(20侧)甲醛固定并经彩色硅胶灌注的成人头颅湿标本,解剖并观测SPV的形态、行径、入口位置及与周围组织标志物的距离关系。结果在20侧标本共发现SPV 19侧,共25支。SPV通常沿着岩骨嵴汇入内、中2/3的岩上窦。SPV在个体间的变异较大;SPV长度为(11.15±4.36)mm,外径为(3.83±0.97)mm;SPV主干分为:单干注入岩上窦有12侧(63.16%),双干型有5侧(26.32%),三干型有1侧(5.26%),缺如1侧(5.26%)。SPV属支分为:单支有2侧(10.53%),双支型12侧(63.16%),三支型4侧(21.05%),四支型1侧(5.26%);根据SPV汇入岩上窦的入口与Meckel's囊(MC)和内耳道(IAM)的位置关系将SPV的引流类型分为3型:Ⅰ型共4处(16%),Ⅱ型共16处(64%),Ⅲ型共5处(20%)。结论 SPV注入岩上窦的位置与Meckel's囊(MC)和内耳道(IAM)关系密切,且多位于二者之间。熟悉SPV显微解剖及其引流类型,对临床涉及该静脉的桥小脑角区手术有指导意义。

Objective To investigate anatomical characteristics of the superior petrosal vein and to provide anatomical basis of superior petrosal vein for operation with in cellelumpontine angle.Methods The morphology, course,entrance location and the surrounding tissue markers distance relationship of the superior petrosal vein(SPV) were observed in 10 cases(20 sides) adult headspecimens,which were fixed in 10%formalin and irrigation colorful silicone.Results In the 20 side specimens,the superior petrosal vein were found in 19 side,a total of 25 branches.①Superior petrosal vein usually imported 2/3 of the petrosal sinus along the petrous ridge.Superior petrosal vein was variation in the individual.②The length of Superior petrosal vein was (11.15±4.36) mm,and the outer diameter was(3.83±0.97 ) mm.③The stem of the SPV,according to injected petrosal sinus,was divided into;single -stem type had 12 sides(63.16%),double -stem type had 5 sides(26.32%),triple - stem type 1 sides(5.26%) and Lack of such as 1 side(5.26%).The branch of SPV was divided into;single branch 2 side(10.53%),double type 12 side(63.16%),the three 4 side (21.05%) and four type 1 side(5.26%).(4)According to SPV relationship With the Meckels cave and internal acoustic meatus(IAM),the patterns of drainage of the SPV were classified into three groups.TypeⅠhad 4 roots(16%),TypeⅡhad 16 roots(64%),TypeⅢhad 5 roots(20%).Conclusion The site which the SPV emptied into the superior petrosal sinus had relationship tightly with the MC and IAM,and located in between the two.Familiar with the SPV microsurgical anatomy and drainage type,it is of clinical significance for clinical surgery involved in the vein of the cerebellopontine angle area.