岩石受力过程表面电荷变化的实验

Experiment on changing of surface charge during load-bearing process of rock

岩石受力变化破裂的过程中其表面电荷密度发生变化.研究岩石受力过程中的表面电荷变化规律,通过岩石表面的电荷变化可以反映应力变化的特点,可用于预防矿山动力灾害的发生,实现动力现象的非接触测量和连续测量,是保障矿山安全生产的一种新的技术手段.本实验设备主要由电荷传感器、电磁辐射传感器、数据采集系统、岩样加载系统、屏蔽系统五部分组成.对花岗岩试样进行了单轴加载压裂实验.同时采集了电荷信号、电磁辐射信号、压力信号、时间信号.通过数据处理发现岩石表面电荷密度随岩样受力程度发生变化,在岩石受力破裂前有明显变化.岩石受力破裂实验中电荷密度信号的发生先于电磁辐射信号的发生.在实验中岩石表面电荷密度信号变化有良好的重复性和相关性.

The surface charge density of the rock changed during its load-bearing failure processing. Research on the laws of the surface charge change. The surface change of the rocks can reflect the characteristics of stress,it can prevent the dynamic disasters of the mine and achieve the non-occurrence and continuous measurement of the dynamic phenomena. It was a new technological measure to protect the safe-production of the mine. The experiment equipment was mainly composed of the charge sensors、electromagnetic radiated sensors、data gathered system、rock loaded system and shielding system. The experiment was used to research uniaxial loading granite specimens. The charge signal、electromagnetic radiated signal、pressure signal、time signal can be gathered at the same time. The surface charge density of the rock changed with the load-bearing degree of the rock according to the date processing, and it changed obviously before the rock crush. In this experiment the charge density signal is prior to the electromagnetic radiated signal. The change of charge density signal has great repeatability and correlation.