论反垄断法的适用豁免制度

On the Exemption in the Application of Antitrust Law

反垄断法适用豁免制度的形成根源于三个因素:即垄断的直接经济效率性、垄断的竞争效果和公共利益。美国、德国、日本和欧盟等国家和地区的反垄断法适用豁免制度比较完善,且各具特色。随着社会的发展,它们的垄断豁免制度正在发生演变,并表现出三种趋势:即由行业豁免向行为豁免转变、重视抽象规则和具体规则的联合运用、加强豁免制度的国际协调。中国构建自己的垄断豁免制度时,在立足国情的基础上,应参酌各国、各地区的制度变迁趋势,借鉴它们的有益经验。

The formation of the exemption in the application of antitrust law is due to three factors: the direct economic effectiveness of monopoly, the competitive effect of monopoly, and the public interest. With the development of society, the exemption systems of developed countries and regions (say, that of the U. S. , Japan and the European Union) are developing into three directions. When developing its own system, China should be practical and realistic, take into consideration the developments of other countries, and draw useful lessons.