近代早期伦敦城市社会阶层分化初探

An Exploration on London Social Stratifications in Early Modern Period

在近代早期,伦敦城市社会的阶层分化发生了变化。就社会财富分配而言,伦敦社会分化状况逐渐由贫富两极分化向三层式结构转变,在此前已经存在的掌握大量社会财富的极少数人,和没有或几乎没有财产的大量底层民众之间,出现了一个新的阶层,即中等阶层。同时,伦敦城市社会的阶层分化影响到了城市的外形和布局,伦敦城市逐渐在空间上分裂开来,出现了居住着上层精英和部分中等阶层的富人区和居住着底层民众的贫民区,且此两者在空间布局和建筑特征上日益相互区别开来。

Social stratifications in London's urban society in the early modern period transformed from polarization to three stratification structures,and when the middle orders rose between the elites who controlled most of the social wealth with very few people,and the lower orders who occupied most of the total population but had no or less wealth.And with the transformation of social stratifications,the urban topography and plan changed.The special rich wards and the poor wards emerged,and the distinction between them became more evident in positions and building features.