辩证法与当代哲学的命运——评阿多诺对辩证法的重新诠释

Dialectics and the Fate of Contemporary Philosophy——A Comment on T. Adorno's Reinterpretation of Dialectics

20世纪晚期以来,哲学发展的基本走向是拒绝总体化的同一性而转向多样化的异质性,这一趋势所昭示的正是辩证法的要义和力量。然而在传统哲学解释框架中,辩证法被形式化为关于事物一般联系和发展的学说,这使辩证法失去了意识形态批判的深刻意义。阿多诺将辩证法诠释为对贯穿同一性的非同一性的意识,由此使哲学获得一种全新的自我理解。这是黑格尔之后对辩证法本意所作的最深刻理解,它恰切地回应了马克思关于辩证法批判本性的著名见解,从而预示了辩证法在未来哲学发展中的伟大复兴。

Since the late 20th century, the philosophy development has witnessed a turning down the generalized identification and a turning to the diversified heterogeneity——a general tendency which exposes the essence and potency of dialectics. Within the interpreting framework of traditional philosophy, dialectics was formalized into a doctrine of general relationship and development of things, which crippled its profound meaning in the critique of ideology. In Adornos interpretation , dialectics is awareness of nonidentity throughout identification. In this way, philosophy has acquired a completely new self-understanding. Adornos interpretation is among the most powerful insight into dialectics, which responds adequately to Marx's famous idea of the critical nature of dialectics.