肥胖对儿童和青少年高血压影响分析

Analysis of obesity influences on adolescents with hypertension

目的了解安徽省芜湖市儿童、青少年血压水平及高血压的流行情况,探讨肥胖对儿童、青少年高血压的影响。方法采用现状调查的方式,按整群抽样方法抽取芜湖市弋江区3所中学。于2012年9~11月对该3所中学7~9年级的2 128名学生进行问卷调查和体格检查。采用EpiData 3.1软件进行数据双重录入并进行一致性检验,使用SAS 9.0对数据进行统计分析,各样本均数间的比较采用方差分析,样本率或构成比的比较采用χ2检验,单因素和多因素分析采用logistic回归分析。结果本次调查的2 029名调查对象中,男性1 124人(55.40%),女性905人(44.60%)。城市为1 172人(57.76%),农村为857人(42.24%)。血压检测结果,高血压者239例,检出率为11.6%;高血压的检出率随着被检者年级的增高而升高,男生、女生的收缩压和舒张压均呈上升的趋势,且两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高血压的患病率与体重、腰围、臀围、体质指数、腰臀比、腰围-身高比均有关,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论儿童、青少年高血压的发生具有性别差异,且肥胖与儿童、青少年高血压密切相关,控制超重和肥胖对预防儿童青少年高血压具有重要作用。

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension among children and adolescents,and to explore obesity influences on children and adolescents with hypertension.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November,2012.2 128students of grades 7-9were sampled by cluster sampling method from 3middle schools in Wuhu in 2012.Epi data 3.1was used to data collection,and SAS 9.0 was used to data analysis.ANOVA was used to compare mean of different groups,Chi-square test was used to compare percentage and ratio data,and Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Among 2 029students,1 124(55.40%)were males and 905(44.60%)were females,1 172(57.76%)were from urban area and 857(42.24%)were from rural country.239(11.6%)were diagnosed as hypertension.It′s more likely to be diagnosed as hypertension among higher grade students than lower grade students.Systolic and diastolic blood pressure tended to be higher both in girls and boys,and there is significant difference between girls and boys.The prevalence rate of hypertension was significant related with weight,waist,hipline,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-height ratio(WHTR)and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)(P<0.05).Conclusions There is a difference of hypertension prevalence rate between different genders.Obesity is positively correlated with hypertension in adolescents,the risk for hypertension is increased in the young students with overweight and obesity.