情感·认知·行动:伦理教育方法体系

Affect,Cognition,and Action:The Methodology of Ethical Education

伦理教育是认知与践行的统一。伦理教育的这一综合性决定了它对方法的倚重:从实质论,伦理教育具体展开为伦理方法的培养与训练。一般地讲,基本的伦理教育方法有三种:一是情感体验方法,它诉诸于感觉经验,强调对心灵的净化;二是价值观引导方法,它诉诸于实践理性认知判断,强调对健美人格的培养;三是行动服务方法,它诉诸于做中学和学中做,强调践行的尽性训练。贯穿于大中小学各阶段的最基本的伦理方法,是行动服务方法。在此基础上,小学伦理教育更注重体验方法的运用,中学伦理教育更注重伦理经验判断方法的培养,大学伦理教育更强调实践理性方法的训练。

Ethical education is to produce the union of cognition and behavior,a process that relies crucially on how the education is provided.In essence,ethical education is conducted materially through proper methods.General methods for ethical education fall under three categories;emotional experience that appeals to sensory experiences,value guidance that appeals to practical reason judgment to develop virtue,and action service that promotes learning in doing and doing in learning.One method that should run through primary school to college is action service.Experiencing methods should be emphasized in primary school,ethical experience judgment method should be stressed in middle school,and training in the use of practical reason should be focused at the college level.