近代基督教传教运动与美国在华商业扩张

Protestant Missions and American Commercial Expansion in Modern China

近代基督教传教运动与美国在华商业扩张王立新基督教传教士与在华西方商人的关系是一个众说纷纭的话题，美国驻华公使田贝称“传教士是贸易和商业的先锋”，①美国学者保罗·瓦格则认为“商人与传教士之间存在根深蒂固的猜忌和敌视”。②两种截然不同的说法实际上反映了商...

The author contends that the missionaries and businessmen were interdependent in some aspects,but mutually exclusive in others.The missionary crusade received the support of a great many business leaders,and even the rise of American China mission in 1829 was indebted somewhat to the suggestion and assistance of the businessman,D.W.C.Olyphant.Morever,American trade penetration into China changed the attitude of the natives towards the Western culture and formed a social and psychological circumstance advantageous to the missionary movement.On the other hand,the missionary enterprise altered the life style of those who had accepted the Christian gospel,excited attention and created a demand for the Western goods.Furthermore,the missionary reports provided a great deal of information for the commercial activity.However,missionary enterprise was not merely a tool of the business expansion.The antagonism between foreign merchants and missionaries was traditional just because they were different from each other in values,motives and aims in China.The latter showed a strong feeling of distrust of commercial morality which was unfavorable to the spread of gospel and many businessmen had no sympaphy with missionary aims.