试论南非的政治发展及其意义

The Political Development in South Africa and Its Significance

长期以来，南非是世界上唯一通过立法和行政手段推行种族隔离制度的国家，这种政治制度的反动性，是导致旧南非必然破产的重要原因；另一方面，种族隔离时期在白人范围内实行的政治制度相近于西方的民主宪制模式，这在某种意义上为新南非的政治制度奠定了基础。南非延续三百多年的种族主义统治的结束，临时宪法的拟订和实施，第一次不分种族的全民大选的成功进行，新旧政府的平稳更替，这一系列的重大事件以及新南非建立后的政治发展，表明南非正在向种族平等、民主和健康的社会进行着成功的历史性转变。

Abstract For quite a long time, South Africa had been the only country in the world to implement a system of racial segregation by legislative and administrative means. The reactionary nature of this political system led inevitable to the bankruptcy of the old South Africa. Yet on the other hand, in the period of racial segregation the political system for white people was similar to the democratic constitutional pattern of the West and this, in a certain sense, laid the foundation for the political system of the new South Africa. The end of the rule of racism which lasted more than 300 years, the drafting and implementation of the provisional constitution, the success of the first general election regardless of race and color, and the smooth transition from the old to the new government——all these major events as well as the political development after the establishment of a new South Africa signal a successful historic transition to racial equality and a demoratic and healthy society. The South African experience is worth studying.