关于优化专业结构和人才培养的研究与实践

Research and Practice on the Optimization of Specialties Structure and Personnel Training-Satisfying the Needs of Social and Economic Development in Guangzhou

八十年代,广州市广播电视大学的专业结构以文科、理工、经济三大学科类为主,沿用计划经济下开设过的传统专业。进入九十年代后,随着改革开放的深入发展,这种专业结构明显不能满足经济建设和社会发展的需要,并且制约着电大办学事业的发展。从1991年开始,学校提出了“优化专业结构,主动适应广州社会、经济发展的需要,多快好省地培养应用型人才”的方针,开始探索创办社会急需的应用型、技术型的新专业,同时改造旧专业。经过几年的努力,学校在文法、理工、经济、音乐美术等学科先后开办的专业有通讯技术、服装工程、纺织染整、计算机应用、房地产经营管理、国际贸易、市场营销、旅游与酒店管理、商务学（经纪）、涉外经济公关实务、涉外会计、会计电算化、金融证券、经济信息管理、中英文秘书、外贸英语、广告、劳教管理、工艺美术、音乐、环境艺术等23个专业,主动适应了广州社会经济发展需要,为广州的现代化建设适时地培养了一批专门人才。专业结构优化后,使学校招生人数逐年增加,现在广州电大已成为一所专业设置比较齐全,结构比较合理,在校生超过一万人的高等学校。

At the beginning of the 90s, Guangzhou Radio & TV University set forward the principle of 'Optimizing specialties structure to actively adapt to Guangzhou' s social and economic development and training ap -plication - oriented personnel efficiently and cost - effectively ' , and began to set up new application -oriented specialties urgently needed by the society. After several years' hard work, there have been 23 such specialties and the university has become a higher education institution of more than 10,000 enrollments with a wide variety of specialties and a rational structure.1) The necessity of optimizing the specialties structure. Only by the optimization of specialties structure and the perfection of competitive mechanism in connection with local development needs, can the university promote its own development and succeed in competition.2) The principles of the optimization: as new specialties are at pre-undergraduate level, such principles as integration, scientificity, practicalness and adaptability should be followed.3) The method of optimization. On a larger scale, to renew the ideas of the staff about school-running, talented personnel and quality of higher education; to be prepared for any danger in times of peace; to establish an operational mechanism for optimizing the specialties structure, i.e. an active school-running mechanism adapting to social and economic development and meeting the needs of enterprises and talented personnel market; to invite experts concerned to evaluate new specialties; to offer recommendations to graduates. On a smaller scale, to carefully make syllabi and curriculum teaching programs, select and edit textbooks for new specialties ; To establish practical base for teaching purpose and si -mulated labs to strengthen practical links ; To reinforce teaching research on subjects of new special -ties and improve teaching methods for higher quality of teaching.4) The practical results: the faster training of advanced application-oriented personnel, more subjects of quality and a higher teaching level. The optimization of specialties structure leads the university to one of important bases for the training of various talented personnel in Guangzhou area.